mixed material

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/MixedMaterial

Defined In: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/BiopharmaMaterial/

SubClass Of: bfo:material entity

Class Hierarchy

owl:Thing › bfo:entity › bfo:continuant › bfo:independent continuant › bfo:material entity › mixed material

Direct subclasses:

• culture medium
• protein hydrolysate
• serum
• solution

Definition

material entity composed of at least two material constituents that are distinct in chemical identity or material composition, excluding constituents present only as minor impurities

Explanatory Notes

1) A mixed material is made of at least two material constituents that differ in chemical identity or material composition. The constituents need not belong to different broad material categories. Two different proteins, peptides, salts, polymers, gases, or formulated materials may be distinct constituents of a mixed material. For example, a blend of two purified protein materials is a mixed material even though both constituents are proteins. 2) The constituents may be chemical substance materials or materials that are themselves mixtures. They may be distributed homogeneously or occur as distinct grains, particles, droplets, phases, or regions. In a solution, gas mixture, or alloy, the constituents may not be distinguishable at the scale of ordinary observation. In a powder blend, suspension, or emulsion, they may occur as distinguishable grains, particles, or droplets. 3) A constituent is not a minor impurity merely because it is present at a low concentration. A low-concentration constituent that is specified as part of the composition, intentionally included, or otherwise substantively contributes to the material remains a constituent. 4) Trace contaminants, incidental residual materials, degradation products, and other low-level materials may be treated as minor impurities when they do not substantively contribute to how the material is compositionally characterized. A carbon dioxide gas containing trace water or nitrogen may therefore remain a chemical substance material, whereas a specified carbon dioxide and oxygen gas blend is a mixed material. 5) A material entity is not a mixed material merely because its component parts are made of different materials. At least two distinct materials must directly constitute the material entity itself. For example, a bioreactor is not a mixed material merely because its vessel is made of stainless steel and its tubing is made of polymer. Those materials constitute different structural components rather than the bioreactor as a single material.

Examples

• a portion of air made of nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and other compositionally significant gases; a portion of phosphate-buffered saline made of water, sodium chloride, and phosphate constituents; a portion of chemically defined cell culture medium made of water, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, salts, and other constituents; a dry cell culture medium powder blend made of amino acid, sugar, salt, vitamin, and trace-element materials;

Counter-Examples

• a portion of carbon dioxide gas containing trace impurities; a portion of water containing low levels of naturally occurring minerals;

Adapted From

• http://purl.allotrope.org/ontologies/material#AFM_0001038 and https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/M03949 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_60004

Primitive Class

This class is declared primitive and it does not have necessary and sufficient condiftions defined.

Primitive Rationale

There are insufficient constructs to create a set of necessary and sufficient conditions.

Formal Axioms

First-Order Logic Axioms

MixedMaterial(x) → MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃m∃m1(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialEntity(m1) ∧ isMadeOfAtAllTimes(x, m) ∧ isMadeOfAtAllTimes(x, m1) ∧ ¬(m = m1 ∨ isMadeOfAtAllTimes(m, m1) ∨ isMadeOfAtAllTimes(m1, m)))

Semi-Formal Natural Language Axioms

if x is a ‘mixed material’, then x is a ‘material entity’ that ‘is made of at all times’ at least two material entities that are distinct and neither of which ‘is made of at all times’ the other

Description Logic

constr:MixedMaterial ⊑ bfo:material_entity

constr:MixedMaterial ⊑ ∃ constr:isMadeOfAtAllTimes .bfo:material_entity

SubClassOf: bfo:material_entity

SubClassOf: constr:isMadeOfAtAllTimes some bfo:material_entity