viscosity

IRI: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/construct/Viscosity

Defined In: https://spec.industrialontologies.org/ontology/biopharma/BiopharmaReferenceOntologyAttributes/

SubClass Of: bfo:quality

Class Hierarchy

owl:Thing › bfo:entity › bfo:continuant › bfo:specifically dependent continuant › bfo:quality › viscosity

Definition

quality of a fluid that is its resistance to shear deformation, manifested as internal friction opposing relative motion between adjacent parts of the fluid

Explanatory Notes

1) Viscosity is a material quality grounded in interactions among constituents of a fluid. In solutions and suspensions it reflects, among other factors, solvent–solute interactions, concentration, molecular association or aggregation, and the size and shape of dissolved or suspended entities. These features condition the degree of internal friction opposing relative motion within the fluid. 2) For a Newtonian fluid, viscosity is constant with respect to shear rate under specified conditions and characterizes the fluid’s resistance to shear during agitation, pressure-driven flow, or gravity-driven flow. 3) For non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood, polymer solutions, gels, paints, or starch suspensions, apparent viscosity may vary with shear rate, shear stress, or the duration of applied shear. 4) In bioprocessing and formulation, viscosity affects mixing efficiency and mixing time, the shear environment experienced by cells or particles, pumpability and pressure drop, filtration behavior, and the maintenance of homogeneous distributions of solutes or suspended matter. 5) Process actions such as adjusting temperature or formulation composition may be used to manage viscosity so that transfer and mixing operations remain predictable and controlled.

Examples

• cell culture medium has low viscosity at 37 °C; concentrated monoclonal antibody formulation has elevated viscosity at 20 °C to 25 °C; glycerol-containing cryopreservation medium has higher viscosity at low temperature; chromatography buffer has viscosity relevant to column pressure drop;

Adapted From

• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/fluid-viscosity and https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1258811/ and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000992

Primitive Class

This class is declared primitive and it does not have necessary and sufficient condiftions defined.

Primitive Rationale

There are insufficient constructs for creating a set of necessary and sufficient conditions

Formal Axioms

First-Order Logic Axioms

Viscosity(x) → Quality(x) ∧ ∃m (MaterialEntity(m) ∧ qualityOf(x, m) ∧ ∃s (FluidAggregateState(s) ∧ hasQuality(m, s)))

Semi-Formal Natural Language Axioms

if x is a ‘viscosity’ then x is a ‘quality’ that is the ‘quality of’ some ‘material entity’ that ‘has quality’ some ‘fluid aggregate state’

Description Logic

constr:Viscosity ⊑ bfo:quality

constr:Viscosity ⊑ ∃ constr:qualityOf .(bfo:material_entity ⊓ ∃ constr:hasQuality .constr:FluidAggregateState)

SubClassOf: bfo:quality

SubClassOf: constr:qualityOf some (bfo:material_entity and constr:hasQuality some constr:FluidAggregateState)